Understanding the Market
For researching the market rate for your area/experience level, try:
Hired.com puts out a State of Software Engineers report each year that is really helpful for understanding the general software engineering market. Here is the 2023 State of Software Engineers report.
Understanding Stock Options​
Full disclosure: I've never worked a job that offered stock options as part of the compensation package. That being said, these are some resources I've saved for my own reference should I ever need to better understand stock options: